Process of making paper



Patented Apr. 28, 1931" mum or mmjsnwymmnmmon ro urns rLm'r xo'rn oomrm, or nosron, mssacnosnrralj a. con'r'oaa'rron or .mssacnusnr'rs Io Drawing. Original application filed September,

'iaiaflseiilind. 252,e1o. Divided and an. application Inca campers, 1929.; snaI-, nt'.fa'91,75o.

This application is a divisionalapplication of 'an original a plicationfiled bymej September 4th, 1918, erialNo; 252,610.

I This invention relates to a species ofthe genus covered in'my-earlier application, Se"- rialllo. 252,6Q7, filed September 4, 1918.

ThlS invention r to improvements in process of and has among :its" salient objects to" provide. a? productwhich;

m while havmg' theg enerarcharacteristicsof ordinary paperi is distinguished therefrom which can-belmade u ngomxaerci l paper machinery; ,to' p'rovi e a 'roduct 1n"wh1ch tinuous binderthro'u hout the sheet; .to provide a productiwhic :can'be 'mad'e'with a much smaller percentagefof fibre than is the case in ordinary'paper' and in whiclicheaper fibres can be used but which at the same time makes a" stronger and tougher product; to. provide a product in whic the waterproofing agent is incorporated m the body of the pa er at the time the paper is formed to rovi e a novel and improvedfrocesso ma 'ng thefore oing pro not an in which the stock containmg the waterproofing agent will flow readily over the machine and not stick thereto; .to provide a process In so which the waterproofing agent asit passes with the fibres over the machine forms into a continuous body and which intermingles with the fibres and upon removal of the water coalesces, forming a unitary structure with the fibre andin general to frovidean improved process andproduct o the char acter referred to.

In the manufacture'of paper attempts have heretofore been made to saturatejthe But di-fii'culty has been experienced, particularly with certain kinds of fib're, in causing the waterproofing agent to thoroughly permeate throughout the. paper. The operation also is relatively-expensive. 'Pa er has, of course, been sized and the sizing incorporated with the stock before it passes over the machine. The present invention does .not relate to either of the above processes.

Among the products for-which the presfinished product with a waterproofin'gl'agent.

fen}: invention is adapted are paper provided w1th adesign such as' wall paper andornaf mental paper. By the present invention hese papers are made, waterproof whereb that'they can be readily washed when soile' without in any way deteriorating the paper. {For-example, wall papermade under the 'present inventiongafter it has been applied tojtheiwall can be washed with soap and waitervqther uses towhich the invention may P if rused for P ckin for by being W pi tid ap oduaadvertisements'an generally paper su ject ed to the exposure of the weather. The

""product: ofthis invention is also adapted for 15 the waterproofing agent a 'o'actsfas a. conuse for packing perishable articles or other articles wliieh might, for example, be subjectcd to moisture in storage or shipping. The product of this invention is'also adapted for makin containers which are not only waterproo but germ proof and which can be cleaned and'reused. In fact paper made in this way has a wide variety of uses.

The strength and flexibility of the paper can be very largely controlled and varied withinwide limits by the use of various kinds of binders and fibres. The paper can also be made of variable thicknesses and particularly relatively thin paper can be made in accordance with the present invention.

' Not only can light colored paper be made by the present invention but paper of prac- -.tically any color can lie made, and a design of any desired configuration and color applied to the colored background or body of the paper. I

Describinlg now the process of the present invention, make an aqueous paste, consisting of water and an emulsifying agent such as clay containing a substantial percentage of colloidal particles. In 'making' relativel white aper the clay should be white. Vhere at ored paper is being made the color of the clay may be more or less disregarded. Other emulsifying agents such as soap, starch dexterin and casein may be used and, if necessary, the emulsion produced with these agents, may be stabilized to the required-degree. There are, of course, still other emulsifying agents than 5 may very widely'vary, depending upon the those mentioned which may be suitable.

- This'aqueous paste is preferably made with so stirred as to thoroughly amalgamate the paste and the binder; the object being to obtain a thorough dispersion vof minute particles of'the binder throughout the paste. The result is an emulsified matrix. This matrix is relatively non-sticky and can be thinned with water as desired. I have found, where clay is used, that five parts by weight of binder to one part by weight of it is to be understood that the proportions characteristics of the product desired and 1 the character of binder and the emulsifying agent.

\Vith reference .to the binder, it should of course be of 'a waterproof character and have a certain degree of adhesiveness. It a also should have theability to coalesce when the water is removed. lVhen the color of he paper is of no importance black hydrocarbons such as natural and artificial asphalts, coal tar pitches and the like may be used. Animal and vegetable pitches may also be used. Where the body of the paper..

is to have a distinct color, such as red, green, blue'or the like, the binder should beof a lighter hue, for example, resin or waxes softened with wax tailings, linseed oil or other oils may be used. In some cases the waxes might used alone. The residue resulting from the redistillation of wax tailings may also be used. Whatever binder is used it is preferably mixed with a pigment of the desired color or with a dye soluble in the binder.

Where relatively white aper isdesired the binder may consist of paraflin which may be treated to neutralize any yellowish shade in the usual manner.

This emulsified matrix is then intimately mixed with the fibre. Various kinds of fibres can be used. A few of them may be enumerated, such as Wood pul rags, leather waste, linen, plant fibres an grasses. Instead of coloring the hinder, the fibre may becolored. The mixture is now ready to be. passed over the paper forming machinery. The machinery may be of a standard type such as a cylinder machine, or a Fourdrinier machine. If sheets of greater thickness are desired the stock maybe run ink. clay makes a satisfactory matrix; although machine.

over a board or wet machine. I have found that stock made in the way described will pass over a screen such as the screen of a Fourdrinier machine without sticking and will also pass over the felt belts or carriers without sticking. No diliiculty will be experienced in drying the formed sheet. As

the water dries out of the sheetthe binder 'coalesces and forms a continuous water- 'proof structurethroughout the sheet. The

product will be much stronger and tougher than ordinary paper but can be made as flexible as desired. v

If it is desired to put a design on the paper it may be printed on in the same way as designs are printed on ordinary paper. It is to be understood, however, that the ink or other material-with which the design is applied should be of a waterproof character. Linseed; oil maybe usedas the o I claim'as-my invention -7 1 A stock capable 'of being felted on a paper formingjmachine,consisting of a nonadhesive emulsion ofwater, colloidal clay,

and a fusible .waterprooflight-colored base in which the water and .clay form. the external phase of the ,emulsion mixed with fibrouspulp. v

2. A stock capable. of being felted on a paper formingmachine, consisting of a nonadhesive emulsion of water, an emulsifyin agent, and'a fusible -.waterproof--light colored pitchy binderin which the water and emulsiying agent form the external phase of the emulsion, mixed with fibrous=.pulp, the binderat all times being, chemically unaltered. 3

3. A non-adhesive emulsion :"of water, an"

emulsifying agent, and a-fusible waterproof base, to which a coloring constituent has been added to impart a predetermined color in which the water and emulsifying agent form the external phase, mixed with -,a fibrous pulp, the stock so produced being capable of being felted on a paper forming 4. A non-adhesixie emulsion of water, an

argilliferous emulsifying agent containing colloidal particles and a light colored fusible vehicle for the pigments in the printing waterproof base, to which has been added a coloring constituent to impart a predetermined color thereto, in which the water and emulsifyinga ent f im the external phase, mixed with fi rous pulp, the stock so produced being-capable'of being felted on paper forming machine.

5. A non-adhesive emulsion of water, an

emulsifying agent and parafiin in which the water and emulsified agent constitute the external phase, mixed with fibrous pulp, the stock so produced being capable of being felted on -a paper forming machine.

6. A non-adhesiveemulsion of water, an

argilliferous emulsifying agent containing colloidal particles, and parafiin, in which the water water and emulsifying agent constitute the external phase, mixed with fibrous pulp, the stock so produced being capable of being felted on a paper forming machine.

7. Fibrous stock capable of being felted on a paper making machine consisting of a nonadhesive emulsion of 'water, emulsifyin agent and fusible waterproof, light colored base in which the water and emulsifyin agent form the external phase of the emu sion,""mixed with the fibrous pulp, the stock when sheeted resulting in a product in which the emulsion has been coalesced and con'stitutes a continuous waterproofing medium for v the paper and being of li ht and non-odorous "character whereby it as the capability of use as containers for food -products'and the like.

Signed at Rutherford, in the county of Bergen and State of New Jersey, this 26th day of September A. D. 1929.

LESTER KIRSCHBRAUN. 

